Failure conditions
Legitimacy
Test
Test who authorizes each power, how affected people participate, and how determinations become consequential for actors who never joined.
Failure criterion
A design fails when agreement among the regulated actors is its entire basis for authority, or when its decisions reach outsiders through any route other than powers that states and other parties already lawfully hold.
Measurability
Test
Test varied models, resources, and deployment configurations against declared classification criteria.
Failure criterion
A design fails when interested parties can shield consequential claims from independent examination or error rates exceed limits set in advance.
Anti-capture
Test
Test whether plausible coalitions can acquire lasting control of standards, evidence, appointments, and implementation.
Failure criterion
A design fails when its own granted powers allow that coalition to remove meaningful independent challenge.
Continuity
Test
Test withheld funding, appointments, evidence, and access.
Failure criterion
A design fails when one participant can disable core review and the stated fallback fails to restore a functioning process.
Bounded authority
Test
Test jurisdictional expansion through technical rules, exceptions, and emergency interpretation.
Failure criterion
A design fails when the body exercising power can enlarge its mandate without effective independent authorization and review.
Due process
Test
Test an erroneous allegation, sensitive evidence, urgent restrictions, and a participant with limited resources.
Failure criterion
A design fails when a materially affected party lacks a practical route to reasons, challenge, and correction.
Effectiveness
Test
Compare the design under the same scenarios with four comparators: an international standards regime in the style of the Basel Committee, strengthened national regulation, a treaty institution, and voluntary coordination among developers.
Failure criterion
A design fails when a less ambitious comparator closes the same gap, when it offers no credible risk-reduction mechanism, when it relies on compliance precisely where the scenario assumes defection, or when it gains effectiveness by sacrificing the preceding safeguards.